Liquid fuel



Patented Nov. 1, 1927.

' UNILTED srA'rEs PATENT OFFICE.

nsmramr PLAUSON LINDON w. BATES, or

AND PETER SCHRbDER, 0F HAMBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGN'OBS TO MOUNT LEBANON, NEW YORK.

LIQUID FUEL.

No Drawing. Application filed. August 26, 1921, Serial No. 495,556, and in Austria February 16, 1914.

(GRANTED UNDER THE PBQVISIONS OF THE ACT OF MARCH 3, 1921, 41 STAT. I, 1813-.)

This invention is a method of preparing a liquid fuel with various kinds of solid combustible carbonaceous material, such as coal,

lignite, charcoal, and peat, in such manner that the carbon particles of the said varieties are so reduced that they remain suspended in an oleaginous combustible liquid, as for example all kinds of oils, such as mineral and paraflin oils, and no longer settle to the bottom. An enduring suspension or emulsion is made, which will find wide utility in all manner of oil-firing and also for use in internal combustion engines. In other words, there is produced a fuel which is stable in the sense that there is little or'no separation or settling of the solid carbonaceous material from the suspending medium.

The solid carboniferous combustible material is initially reduced in a known manner by milling to such an extent that the powder passes a screen having from 15,750 to 62,500 holes per square inch, which corresponds to about 125 to 250-mesh. This occurs the best when millin with air sifting.

According to this invention a mixture of reduced and sifted carbon in the form of powder and liquid hydrocarbon is subjected to the action of a cross hammermill, whose speed of rotation or revolution is at least 3250 feet per minute, or a similar machine. Practical tests have shown, according to the kind and fineness of the powder, ration of treatment of from one to two hours is necessary in order to unite the carbon with the liquid into a lasting suspension or emulsion from which the individual carbon particles no longer subsequently settle out.

Under this milling process the carbon powder itself is-apparently reduced into very fine carbon molecules, or particles, so that the molecular attraction between the carbon particles and the liquid hydrocarbon is greater than the attraction of gravity. Also it is to be believed that the reduction is no longer entirely mechanical, but that the frictional electricity of the hammering plays here an important part.

The emulsification process can be considerably accelerated if there is added to the liquid about 1% to 3% of a soap solution, rubber solution, orother colloidal material.

This, however, is not absolutely necessary.

that a du- 3. Seventy parts of coke with thirty parts-x of oil.

It 1s useful in practice, nevertheless, to

raise the amount of added oil by some 10% to 50% over the figures given in the above table.

There is obtainedin this fashion an oillike final product, from which the coke or carboniferous combustible matter no longer settles out; which settlementwould take place if the mass were not subjected to sufficiently rapid hammering, that is to say hammering at a velocity up to 3250 feet per minute.

The present process is especially important for the utilization of the less valuable kinds of carbon, such as lignite, peat and the like.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention and in what manner the same is to be per formed, wedeclare that what we claim is 1. A stable liquid fuel comprising finely divided solid combustible carbonaceous ma terial suspended in an oleaginous liquid.

2. A stable liquid fuel comprising finely divided solid combustible carbonaceous material, combustible oleaginous liquid and a very small amount of colloidal material.

3. A stable liquid fuel comprising finely divided solid combustible carbonaceous material, combustible oleaginous liquid and a very small amount of a rubber solution.

4. A sta bleliquid fuel comprising about finely divided coal and 40% oil including from about 1%to 3% of a colloidal material.

5. A stable liquid \fuel comprising solid combustible carbonaceous material in liquid oleaginous combustible, the solid particles bleing' so finely divided that they do not sett e out.

6'. Thatmethod of producing a. stable liq- I uid fuel which comprises subjecting solid combustible carbonaceous material and a combustible oil together to attrition in the absence of water other than that naturally contained in the carbonaceous-material until the solid material is so finely divided that it does not settle out.

7. That method of producing a stable liquid fuel which comprises subjecting solid combustible carbonaceous material, combustible oleaginous liquid and a very small amount of colloidal material together to at: trition.

8. That step in the production of a'stable liquidfuel comprising finely divided solid combustible carbonaceous material in an oleaglnous combustible liquid, which consists in adding a verysmall amount of colloidal material thereto.

9. That step in the production of a stable liquid fuel comprising finely divided solid combustible carbonaceous material and an olcaginous combustible liquid, which consists absence of Water other-than that inherently present in the carbonaceous material to intensive attrition whereby the solid material is reduced to Very fine particles.

In Witness whereof, We have hereunto signed our names this 27th day of July,

HERMANN PLAUSON. PETER SCHRQDER.

1n subjecting the ingredients together in the- 

